How to Download a File with a Progress Bar in Android
Downloading files is a common task in Android apps, but sometimes you may want to show the user how much of the file has been downloaded and how long it will take to finish. This is where a progress bar comes in handy. A progress bar is a visual indicator that shows the percentage of completion of an operation, such as downloading a file.
download file with progress bar android
In this article, we will show you three ways to download a file with a progress bar in Android: using AsyncTask and ProgressDialog, using WorkManager and NotificationManager, and using third-party libraries.
Using AsyncTask and ProgressDialog
AsyncTask is a class that allows you to perform background tasks and update the UI thread with the results. ProgressDialog is a dialog that shows a progress indicator and an optional message.
To use AsyncTask and ProgressDialog to download a file with a progress bar, follow these steps:
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Declare the ProgressDialog and the DownloadTask as member fields of your activity.
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog; DownloadTask downloadTask;
Instantiate the ProgressDialog and the DownloadTask in the onCreate method.
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this); mProgressDialog.setMessage("Downloading file..."); mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(false); mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL); mProgressDialog.setCancelable(true); downloadTask = new DownloadTask(this);
Execute the DownloadTask with the URL of the file you want to download.
downloadTask.execute("
Implement the doInBackground, onProgressUpdate, and onPostExecute methods of the DownloadTask.
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask private Context context; private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock; public DownloadTask(Context context) this.context = context; @Override protected String doInBackground(String... sUrl) InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; try URL url = new URL(sUrl[0]); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.connect(); // check for HTTP response code if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) return "Server returned HTTP " + connection.getResponseCode() + " " + connection.getResponseMessage(); // get file length int fileLength = connection.getContentLength(); // download the file input = connection.getInputStream(); output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/file.zip"); byte data[] = new byte[4096]; long total = 0; int count; while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) // I apologize for the delay, I was working on the rest of the article. Here is what I have so far: // cancel if the task is cancelled if (isCancelled()) input.close(); return null; total += count; // publish the progress if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known publishProgress((int) (total * 100 / fileLength)); output.write(data, 0, count); catch (Exception e) return e.toString(); finally try if (output != null) output.close(); if (input != null) input.close(); catch (IOException ignored) if (connection != null) connection.disconnect(); return null; @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) super.onProgressUpdate(progress); // set the progress of the dialog mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress[0]); @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) // dismiss the dialog mProgressDialog.dismiss(); if (result != null) Toast.makeText(context,"Download error: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); else Toast.makeText(context,"File downloaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Using WorkManager and NotificationManager
WorkManager is a library that allows you to schedule and run background tasks that are deferrable and guaranteed to run. NotificationManager is a system service that manages notifications.
To use WorkManager and NotificationManager to download a file with a progress bar, follow these steps:
Add the WorkManager dependency to your app's build.gradle file.
dependencies implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime:2.7.1"
Create a Worker class that extends ListenableWorker and overrides the startWork method.
public class DownloadWorker extends ListenableWorker public static final String KEY_FILE_URL = "file_url"; public static final String KEY_FILE_NAME = "file_name"; public static final String KEY_NOTIFICATION_ID = "notification_id"; public static final String KEY_NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "notification_channel_id"; private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096; private NotificationManager mNotificationManager; private NotificationCompat.Builder mNotificationBuilder; public DownloadWorker(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull WorkerParameters workerParams) super(context, workerParams); @NonNull @Override public ListenableFuture startWork() // get the input data String fileUrl = getInputData().getString(KEY_FILE_URL); String fileName = getInputData().getString(KEY_FILE_NAME); int notificationId = getInputData().getInt(KEY_NOTIFICATION_ID, 0); String notificationChannelId = getInputData().getString(KEY_NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID); // create a notification manager and a notification builder mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); mNotificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(getApplicationContext(), notificationChannelId) .setContentTitle("Downloading file...") .setContentText(fileName) .setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.stat_sys_download) .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_LOW) .setProgress(0, 0, true) .setOngoing(true); // show the notification mNotificationManager.notify(notificationId, mNotificationBuilder.build()); // create a future to return the result of the work SettableFuture future = SettableFuture.create(); // download the file in a separate thread new Thread(new Runnable() @Override public void run() InputStream input = null; OutputStream output = null; HttpURLConnection connection = null; try URL url = new URL(fileUrl); connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); connection.connect(); // check for HTTP response code if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) future.set(Result.failure()); return; // get file length int fileLength = connection.getContentLength(); // download the file input = connection.getInputStream(); output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/" + fileName); byte data[] = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; long total = 0; int count; while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) // cancel if the work is stopped if (isStopped()) input.close(); future.set(Result.failure()); return; total += count; // update the notification with the progress if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known mNotificationBuilder.setProgress(100 , (int) (total * 100 / fileLength)); mNotificationManager.notify(notificationId, mNotificationBuilder.build()); output.write(data, 0, count); // set the result to success future.set(Result.success()); catch (Exception e) // set the result to failure future.set(Result.failure()); finally try if (output != null) output.close(); if (input != null) input.close(); catch (IOException ignored) if (connection != null) connection.disconnect(); ).start(); // return the future return future; }
Create a NotificationChannel for Android O and above.
private void createNotificationChannel() if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel( "download_channel", "Download Channel", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW); channel.setDescription("Notification channel for downloading files"); NotificationManager notificationManager = getSystemService(NotificationManager.class); notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
Enqueue the DownloadWorker with the input data and the constraints.
private void downloadFile(String fileUrl, String fileName) // create the input data Data inputData = new Data.Builder() .putString(DownloadWorker.KEY_FILE_URL, fileUrl) .putString(DownloadWorker.KEY_FILE_NAME, fileName) .putInt(DownloadWorker.KEY_NOTIFICATION_ID, 1) .putString(DownloadWorker.KEY_NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID, "download_channel") .build(); // create the constraints Constraints constraints = new Constraints.Builder() .setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.CONNECTED) .build(); // create the work request OneTimeWorkRequest downloadRequest = new OneTimeWorkRequest.Builder(DownloadWorker.class) .setInputData(inputData) .setConstraints(constraints) .build(); // enqueue the work request WorkManager.getInstance(this).enqueue(downloadRequest);
Using Third-Party Libraries
If you don't want to deal with the low-level details of downloading files with a progress bar, you can use some of the third-party libraries that provide this functionality. Here are two options:
Library
Features
Usage
FileDownloader
- Simple and flexible API- Progress callbacks and notifications- Pause and resume support- Multiple downloads and queues- Custom headers and connection settings
// initialize the library FileDownloader.setup(this); // create a download task BaseDownloadTask task = FileDownloader.getImpl().create(fileUrl) .setPath(filePath) .setListener(new FileDownloadListener() @Override protected void pending(BaseDownloadTask task, int soFarBytes, int totalBytes) // update UI with pending state @Override protected void progress(BaseDownloadTask task, int soFarBytes, int totalBytes) // update UI with progress @Override protected void completed(BaseDownloadTask task) // update UI with completed state @Override protected void paused(BaseDownloadTask task, int soFarBytes, int totalBytes) // update UI with paused state @Override protected void error(BaseDownloadTask task, Throwable e) // update UI with error state @Override protected void warn(BaseDownloadTask task) // handle the case when there are already some same tasks running ); // start the download task task.start();
PRDownloader
- Easy-to-use API- Pause and resume support- Multiple downloads and queues- Progress listeners and notifications- Custom headers and connection settings- Supports large files
// initialize the library PRDownloader.initialize(this); // create a download request DownloadRequest request = PRDownloader.download(fileUrl, dirPath, fileName) .build(); // set a progress listener request.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() @Override public void onProgress(Progress progress) // update UI with progress ); // set a status listener request.setStatusListener(new OnStatusListener() @Override public void onDownloadComplete() // update UI with completed state @Override public void onError(Error error) // update UI with error state ); // start the download request request.start();
Conclusion
In this article, we have shown you three ways to download a file with a progress bar in Android: using AsyncTask and ProgressDialog, using WorkManager and NotificationManager, and using third-party libraries. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose the one that suits your needs and preferences.
Some tips and recommendations for downloading files with a progress bar in Android are:
Always check for the network availability and the storage permission before starting the download.
Always handle the possible errors and exceptions that may occur during the download.
Always cancel the download task or request when the user exits the app or the activity.
Always use a unique identifier for each download task or request to avoid conflicts or duplicates.
Always test your app on different devices and network conditions to ensure a smooth user experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I show a progress bar in a RecyclerView item?You can use a ProgressBar widget in your RecyclerView item layout and update its progress value in the onBindViewHolder method of your RecyclerView adapter. You can also use a custom view or a library that provides a circular or horizontal progress bar.
How can I pause and resume a download task or request?If you are using AsyncTask, you can call cancel(true) on the DownloadTask object to pause the download, and execute it again with the same URL to resume it. If you are using WorkManager, you can call cancelWorkById(id) on the WorkManager instance to pause the download, and enqueue it again with the same input data to resume it. If you are using a third-party library, you can use the pause and resume methods provided by the library.
How can I download multiple files with a progress bar?If you are using AsyncTask, you can create multiple DownloadTask objects and execute them in parallel or serial mode. If you are using WorkManager, you can create multiple OneTimeWorkRequest objects and enqueue them in a WorkContinuation or a WorkManager instance. If you are using a third-party library, you can use the queue or batch features provided by the library.
How can I show the download speed and time remaining in the progress bar?You can calculate the download speed by dividing the number of bytes downloaded by the time elapsed, and the time remaining by dividing the number of bytes remaining by the download speed. You can then format these values and display them in the ProgressDialog or the NotificationCompat.Builder.
How can I customize the appearance of the progress bar?You can use different styles and attributes for the ProgressDialog or the ProgressBar widget, such as indeterminate, max, progressDrawable, etc. You can also use a custom layout or a library that provides different themes and animations for the progress bar.
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